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https://blogs.arubanetworks.com/industries/understanding-802-11-state-machine/

Stages 1 to 4

client is Unauthenticated and Unassociated

= Idle phase 

client is actively looking for a network to join

or 

or passively listening to beacons from APs

Clients in this state are passing Class 1 frames 

Control frames
Management frames
Data frames

client is Authenticated but Unassociated

Authenticated
We are talking about 802.11 Authentication here.
This is either Open or Shared Key
successfully performed "a 4 packet 802.11 Authentication process"

State 2 is agreeing "we can talk and understand each other"

Class 2 frames which are management frames

client is Authenticated and Associated

Pending RSNA Authentication

associated to the Wireless network but are pending RSN Authentication

Class 3 frames consist of the following:

Data frames (all)
Management frames
Control frames

client is Authenticated and AssociatedIn this state we have successfully performed all the necessary steps to be connected to the wireless network.




RSN : Robust Security Network Association


https://www.mist.com/documentation/wifi-basics-3-wifi-state-machine/

Open Association: agree on parameters