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https://www.juniper.net/documentation/us/en/software/junos/vpn-ipsec/topics/topic-map/security-route-based-and-policy-based-vpns-with-nat-t.html

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Payload encapsulation

Signaling

in ISAKMP ( IKE phase1 )

https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc3947

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1st/2nd (3rd) packet

in the 3rd and 4th packet

payload: NAT-Discovery

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Phase 2 or Quick Mode

To perform incremental TCP checksum updates, both peers may need to
   know the original IP addresses used by their peers when those peers
   constructed the packet

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Code Block

title

( could be the 3rd ??? )

AO-

 Example 2:

         Initiator  ------> NAT1  ---------> NAT2  -------> Responder
                  ^             ^           ^              ^
                Iaddr        Nat1Pub     Nat2Pub          (Raddr)

         Initiator <------  NAT1 <---------  NAT2 <-------  Responder
                  ^             ^           ^              ^
               (Iaddr)        Nat1Pub     Nat2Pub         Raddr

   Here, NAT2 "publishes" Nat2Pub for Responder and forwards all traffic
   to that address to Responder.

   Initiator:
                     NAT-OAi = Iaddr
                     NAT-OAr = Nat2Pub ( responder of the IPsec public IP address )

   Responder:
                     NAT-OAi = Nat1Pub ( initiator of the IPsec public IP address )
                     NAT-OAr = Raddr

NAT-T for IKE peer: NAT-T is used when there is a network device between the two tunnel end-points that enforce NAT.

all the IPSEC tunnerl to traverse the NATing equipement

Challenge: Any changes to the IP addressing, which is the function of NAT, causes IKE to discard packets

Solution: ESP over UDP/4500

After detecting one or more NAT devices ( by the firwall) along the datapath during Phase 1 exchanges,

>> NAT-T adds a layer of User Datagram Protocol (UDP) encapsulation to IPsec packets so they are not discarded after address translation.

edit security ike gateway gateway-name

[edit security ike gateway IKE-GW1]

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